Fig. 2

Microbiota sequencing revealed that LPS and paraquat treatment did not alter the composition of the gut microbiome. However, VSL#3 administration increased levels of Streptococcaceae family bacteria but had no other impact, whereas DSS treatment had the biggest effects. Specifically, DSS significantly increased levels of the Verrucomicrobaceae, Bacteriodaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae families and decreased levels of the S24-7 and Rikencellaceae families, relative to cornstarch-treated controls