Fig. 8

Activation of astrocytes and microglia in ipsilateral SDH of EM rats. a Western blot analyzed the time course of TLR4, MyD88, and pNF-κB-p65 expression in ipsilateral SDH after EM. b Quantification of protein levels for TLR4, MyD88, and pNF-κB-p65 expression in ipsilateral SDH. N = 4, *p < 0.05 versus naive and sham, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. c–f Representative microscopic images of immunostaining for marker of astrocytes (c, GFAP) and microglia (e, IBA1) in SDH after EM. Scale bar 200 μm. SDH were indicated by dotted lines. Astrocytes and microglia were significantly activated in the ipsilateral SDH (right) compared to contralateral SDH (left). Fluorescence intensity was applied to measure the relative protein levels. Nine slices from 3 rats in each group, ^*p < 0.05, Student’s t test. Ipsi: ipsilateral; Contra: contralateral. g Immunofluorescence staining showed the colocalization of TLR4 and GFAP in the SDH of EM 14d rats. Scale bar 100 μm. h Immunofluorescence staining showed the colocalization of TLR4 and IBA1 in the SDH of EM 14d rats. Scale bar 100 μm