Molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins on peripheral nociception

Table 2 COX inhibitors used in the experiments mentioned in this review

Type	Name	Inhibitors	Notes (Molecular or cellular outcomes except reductions in PGs or pain)	References
Selective COX-1 inhibitors	COX-1	Valeryl salicylate	↓ IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia	[21]
Selective COX-1 inhibitors	COX-1	SC-560	↓VEGF-induced growth cone formation	[9, 10, 24, 25]
Selective COX-2 inhibitors	COX-2	Celecoxib	↓substance P,↓TTX-R I_Na, ↓CGRP, ↓P2X3 expression	[9, 26,27,28]
		Lumiracoxib		[13]
		Meloxicam	↓neurogenesis	[29, 30]
		Nimesulide	↓neurogenesis, ↓substance P, ↓PKCε translocation	[26, 30]
		NS-398	↓BDNF	[6, 25, 31,32,33,34,35]
		Rofecoxib		[20]
		SC-236	↓ IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia	[10, 21]
		SC-58125	↓firing magnitude of C-nociceptors	[10, 14, 29]
Nonselective COX inhibitors	COX-1 and COX-2	Diclofenac	↓substance P	[26]
		Ibuprofen	↓TTX-R expression, ↓P2X3 expression	[10, 26, 28, 32, 36]
		Indomethacin	↓BK-mediated CGRP release, ↓firing magnitude of C-nociceptors, ↓ IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia, ↓TNFα-sensitized neuronal response to capsaicin, ↓VEGF-induced growth cone formation	[14, 21, 25, 29, 37,38,39,40,41,42]
		Ketorolac		[36]
		Paracetamol	↓PKCε translocation	[26]
		Piroxicam		[43]

ISSN: 1742-2094