Table 1 Rodent models in mood disorders and cognitive function research
From: The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders
Animal | Model type | Phenotype and effect (vs. controls) |
|---|---|---|
NMRI mice | Germ-free | Increased motor activity and reduced anxiety [61] |
Wistar rat | Application of probiotics: Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 | Decreased stress-induced gastrointestinal discomfort and anxiolytic effect [118] |
Balb/c mice | Application of probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) | Increase of corticosterone, GABA receptor, N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate; reduced stress-induced corticosterone and anxiety- and depression-related behavior [119, 120] |
Balb/c mice | Germ-free, SPF and B. infantis mice | GF mice exhibited exaggerated HPA stress response and decreased BDNF compared to SPF mice, but can be reversed with B. infantis [121] |
Swiss Webster mice | Germ-free | GF mice have a anxiolytic behavior, increased BDNF and reduced serotonin 1A receptor in dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [122] |
Balb/c mice and AKH mice | T. muris infection and application of probiotics B. longum NCC3001 | Infection with T. muris induced anxiety-like behavior and decreased level of BNDF. Treatment with B. longum reverses the effect and normalizes BDNF level [123] |
Balb/c mice and NIH mice | Germ-free and SPF with antibiotics | Increased exploratory behavior and hippocampal expression of BDNF in hippocampus [124] |
Stress-sensitive F344 Rat | Germ-free and SPF | Decreased social interaction in GF mice [125] |
Swiss Webster mice | Germ-free | Significant social impairments and decreased social preference in GF mice [126] |
Wistar rat | Application of antibiotic | Reduced social interactions in offsprings when antibiotic is applied peri-conceptionally [127] |
Swiss Webster mice | Germ-free | Increased exploratory in GF mice [122] |
Swiss Webster mice | Application of antibiotic | Increased exploratory behavior in antibiotic-treated mice [126] |
C57BL/6 mice | Application of antibiotic | Decreased working memory in antibiotic-treated SPF mice; no effect on spatial memory [128] |
Swiss Webster mice | Germ-free | Decreased working memory in GF mice [129] |
C57BL/6 mice | SPF | Decreased working memory in antibiotic-treated SPF mice [130] |
C57BL/6 mice and CF1 mice | Citrobacter rodentidum infection |