Fig. 9

Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis on mRNA level of TLR/NF-κB and ROS cascades. mRNA levels of markers in TLR/NF-κB and ROS cascades were assessed by RT-PCR: a TLR2 (n = 6, F = 3.128, p = 0.0486), b TLR4 (n = 6, F = 1.423, p = 0.2656), c CD14 (n = 6, F = 0.4886, p = 0.6941), d NF-κB (n = 4, F = 7.134, p = 0.0052), e PPAR (n = 5, F = 9.699, p = 0.0007), f SOD (n = 6, F = 5.426, p = 0.0068), g CAT (n = 6, F = 4.547, p = 0.0138), and h GPx5 (n = 6, F = 0.6873, p = 0.5703). TLR2, NF-κB, and PPAR expression were significantly upregulated by periodontal ligature while SOD and CAT expression were downregulated. The changes mentioned above could be partly reversed by CTS. (n = 4–6 per group, one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to the control group; #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 compared to the CP group)