Fig. 3

LPS induces M1 microglia polarization and Sphk1 expression in HAPI cells. a Representative Western blots and quantitative data for iNOS, COX-2, and Sphk1, GAPDH expression in each group of HAPI cells. LPS induced M1 microglia polarization and Sphk1 expression in a time-dependent manner. b Immunofluorescence staining for Sphk1 in each group of HAPI cells (scale bar: 100 μm). n = 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01