Fig. 4

Postnatal LPS increases activated microglia in the hippocampus, but the effect is attenuated by FIRS. Rat pups were exposed to prenatal i.a. LPS (L) or saline (S) (listed first) and then postnatal i.p. LPS or saline at P5 (listed second) to create four treatment groups. On P7, microglial activation was quantified in each treatment group by counting activated microglia and total microglia. a Activated microglia count (top bar graph) and total microglia count (bottom bar graph) of CD11b+ cells. Activated microglia were identified by thickened cell bodies and blunted processes. Examples of surveillance (non-activated) and activated microglia are shown below pictures. b Activated microglia count of Iba1+ cells identified by thickened cell bodies and blunted process. Bars above the graphs indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05; n = 5–7/group). Data presented as mean ± SEM. Pictures representative of each group are shown at × 20. Scale bar represents 100 μm