Fig. 7

Minocycline treatment altered the gut microbiota composition. a The Shannon index of alpha diversity and b the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio are shown over time for each treatment group. c–n Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to visualize the overall microbiota composition at the phylum level. c 2D plot of the NMDS first 2 components shows the centroid of each group (large points) and each individual rat (small points) on the day of injury. Individual NMDS 1 scores (d) and NMDS 2 scores (e) are shown for each group on the day of injury. Similar plots are shown for 5 days post-injury (f–h), 14 days post-injury (i–k), and 28 days post-injury (l–n). All data is normalized to baseline values. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Colored asterisks represent which group is significantly different. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001