Fig. 1
Sex-specific differences of microglia during development and whole life span. Microglia initially colonize the brain during embryogenesis when obvious sex differences of microglia are not apparent. Estradiol and progesterone fluctuations are noted. During the postnatal period, sex hormones such as testosterone can actively influence both the number and function of microglia between males and females. Sex differences of microglia may still exist even later in life. Male microglia (blue) and female microglia (pink)