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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Human Huntington’s disease pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia develop normally but are abnormally hyper-reactive and release elevated levels of reactive oxygen species

Fig. 4

Human Huntington’s disease PSC-derived microglia show increased levels of apoptosis and are more susceptible to exogenous stress. a, b IsoHD PSC-derived microglia were assessed longitudinally up to 24 hours for annexin V binding as a marker for apoptosis in response to stress. a Exposure to 40 ng/ml bafilomycin A1 resulted in elevated apoptosis over time in HTT 81Q cells compared with 30Q ones as shown by a significantly non-zero linear regression slope. b Similarly, exposure to 8 mM H2O2 also showed elevated apoptosis over time in the HTT 81Q expressing cells by a significantly non-zero linear regression slope. c–e IsoHD and other PSC-derived microglia were assessed for LDH release as a measure of overt cell death under c basal conditions and in response to the stress caused by treatment with d 20 ng/ml bafilomycin A1 for nine hours and e 12 mM H2O2 for one hour. In each case, linear regression analysis of the relationship between HTT polyglutamine-length and percentage cell death showed a significantly non-zero slope, with the slopes being steeper following stress than at baseline. Data are presented in a and b as mean, ± SEM, n = 3. Data are presented in ce as mean, ± SEM where multiple measurements of the same line were made. The identity of the lines used in ce are as follows: circles = lines of the IsoHD ESC series, triangles = lines of the HD family iPSC series, square = 1534 iPSC line, hexagon = QS5.1 line

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