Fig. 2

Assessment of neurobehavioral abilities of POCD mice. a Total distance traveled and b percentage of time in center zone in the open-field test. c Latency to enter the dark compartment in the passive avoidance test. d Learning index (entering time in which a mouse first moves from the open arms to closed arm during the training period − entering time in which a mouse first moves from the open arms to closed arm during the test period) in the elevated plus maze test. e Discrimination time rate for novel objects in the test phase of the novel objective recognition test (unpaired t-test, n = 8~11 per group). f Mechanical allodynia was performed using the von Frey test (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, n = 15 per group). Con, normal control group; TF, tibial fracture surgery group; 1D, 1 day after surgery; 2D, 2 days after surgery; 5D, 5 days after surgery; AP, acquisition phase; TP, test phase; *p < 0.05 compared to the control; **p < 0.01 compared to the control