Fig. 11

The effect of Tβ4 on the NF-κB signaling axis. a The protein levels of TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, IKK-β, IKB-α, NF-κBp65, phospho-NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp52 in the cortex and hippocampus were measured by western blotting. b–h Quantification of the expression of genes associated with inflammatory pathways. The mRNA levels of TLR4 (i) and TNFR2 (j). The data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5/group) in the different experimental groups. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs WT mice; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs APP/PS1 mice; ^p < 0.05 vs APP/PS1 + Tβ4 mice