Fig. 3
Blood chemistry revealed hemorrhage-like disease in IFN-I signal-incompetent mice rather than CNS neuroinflammation. a Complete blood count (CBC) data. The levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hgb) were determined using an automated hematology analyzer at the indicated time points after JEV infection (5 × 106 ffu/mouse) via the footpad route. b Platelet number and hematocrit. Platelet (PLT) number and hematocrits (Hct) were measured by an automated hematology analyzer and Hct was expressed as % volume occupied by RBCs. c and d Injury of liver and kidney function. Liver and kidney function was evaluated by the levels of ALT and AST in the liver (c), and the levels of BUN, creatinine, and glucose in kidneys (d) using a clinical chemistry analyzer. e and f Picture of extravasated Evans blue dye. Two days after JEV infection (5 × 106 ffu/mouse) via the footpad route, IFN-I-competent and -incompetent mice were given 0.5% Evans blue dye solution via a tail vein. Evans blue dye extravasated into the intestine (e) and liver (f) tissues was visualized following vigorous heart perfusion. g The amount of extravasated Evans blue dye into the intestine and liver tissues. The amount of extravasated Evans blue dye was quantified by measuring the absorbance (620 nm) after homogenization and TCA-precipitation of the indicated tissues. h Picture of extravasated Evans blue dye into the brain. The extravasated Evans blue dye into the brain was visualized following vigorous heart perfusion. Data in bar graphs denote the mean ± SEM. Results are representative of one out of at least two individual experiments with four to five mice per group. Statistical significance *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 was assessed by an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test