Fig. 5

Phloretin activates the Nrf2 pathway through autophagy-mediated Keap1 degradation. A, B Representative images of Keap1 and p62 staining and quantification of their colocalization (Pearson’s coefficient) on control or phloretin-treated BMDMs (90+ cells per well, 3 wells). C Quantification of Keap1 positive counts in phloretin-treated BMDMs treated with or without bafilomycin A1 (90+ cells per well, 3 wells). The dotted line represents corresponding control cells stimulated with or without bafilomycin A1. D, E Western blot quantification and representative bands of phloretin-treated BMDMs treated with or without bafilomycin A1 (n = 4). The dotted line represents the corresponding control cells stimulated with or without bafilomycin A1. Ctrl, control; phl, phloretin; baf, bafilomycin A1. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01