Fig. 4

Effects of luteolin treatment on microglia activation in Cdkl5 +/- mice. A Quantification of AIF-1-positive cells in somatosensory cortex from 3-month-old Cdkl5 +/+ (n=5) and Cdkl5 +/- (n=6) mice, and Cdkl5 +/- mice daily treated with luteolin intraperitoneal injections (i.p. 10 mg/Kg) for 7 (Lut 7d, n=4) or 20 days (Lut 20d, n=4). B Mean AIF-1-cell body size of microglial cells in Cdkl5 female mice as in A. C Representative fluorescence images of cortical sections processed for AIF-1 immunohistochemistry of a Cdkl5 +/+ and a Cdkl5 +/- mouse, and a 7-day luteolin-treated Cdkl5 +/- mouse (+ Lut 7d). Values in A and B are presented as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05; ***p<0.001 (Fisher’s LSD test after one-way ANOVA). D, E Western blot analysis of P-STAT3 (Tyr 705), STAT3, and GAPDH levels in somatosensory cortex homogenates from untreated Cdkl5 mice (+/+ n=4, +/- n=4) and luteolin-treated Cdkl5 +/- mice as in A. Histograms show P-STAT3 (Tyr 705) protein levels normalized to corresponding total STAT3 protein levels in D, and STAT3 levels normalized to GAPDH in E. Data are expressed as percentages of Cdkl5 +/+ mice. Values are presented as means ± SEM; *p<0.05; ***p< 0.001 (Fisher’s LSD test after one-way ANOVA). F Example of immunoblots from 4 animals of each experimental group