Fig. 5

Impact of HIV-1 infection on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in astrocytes. Human primary astrocytes were either mock-infected or infected with HIV-1 with 60 ng/mL HIV-1 p24 for 24 h or 48 h and the expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were measured by q-PCR (A and D, respectively), immunoblotting (B and E, respectively), and immunostaining (C and F, respectively). GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene and α-tubulin as a loading control. Graphs indicate the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. **p = 0.003, *p < 0.0449, n = 4–5 per group; scale bars, 30 μm