Fig. 9

A OGD model of primary neurons and MCAO model of adult rats were established to demonstrate that cel had a neuroprotective effect and its modified product (cel-p) was with retained the biological activity. B HMGB1 was verified as an important target directly bound by cel based on biorthogonal reaction, TMT labeling, LC–MS/MS, and CETSA. Cel had an anti-inflammatory effect by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65 and did not affect the expression levels of HMGB1. Cel blocked the cytokine activity of HMGB1 and B box by directly binding them to disrupt their binding with inflammatory receptors