Authors and year of publication | Study design | SLE pts Number (F%) Mean age (years) | Case source | Controls Number (F %) Mean age (years) | Control source | SLE diagnostic criteria | Headache diagnostic criteria | Pts Headache (H) prevalence Migraine (M) prevalence | Controls Headache (H) prevalence Migraine (M) prevalence | Pts Other headaches prevalence | Controls Other headaches prevalence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Markus 1992 [155] | Prospective study | N = 90 (F: 95%) Mean age: 42.3 years | Community in Nottingam District | N=90 (F 95%) Mean age: 42.6 years | Patients’ relatives and medical staff | NA | *Blau definition | M: 34% | M: 17% |  |  |
Sfikakis et al. 1998 [162] | Case-control | N = 71 (F: 91.5%) Mean age: 37 years | Hospital | N = 89 Age-and sex-matched | Representative sample of the Greek population | ACR | Questions** | H: 32% M: 8% | H: 30% M: NA | TTH: 24% | TTH: 1.4% |
Fernandez Nebro et al. 1999 [160] | Case-control | N = 71 (F: 91.5%) Mean age 36.6 years | Hospital | N = 71 Age and sex-matched | Healthy subjects accompanying non-lupus patients or other outpatients | ACR | ICHD 1988 | M: 22.5% MA: 4.2%, MwA18: .3% | M: 18.3% MA 1.4%, MwA: 16.9% | TTH: 23.9% | TTH: 23.9% |
Whithelaw D. 2004 [164] | Case-control | N= 85 (F: 95%) Mean age: 28.7 | Hospital | N = 62 (F: 93%) Mean age:23.1 yrs | Nurses | ACR criteria | ICHD 1988 | M prior SLE: 11% M with onset of SLE 38% | M prior to nursing : 7% M with onset of nursing: 10% | Prior SLE Stress H: 15% Sinus H: 1% Other Hs: 1% With onset of SLE Stress H: 11% Sinus H: 0% Other Hs: 13% | Prior to nursing Stress H: 38% Sinus H: 0% Other Hs: 8% With onset of nursing Stress H: 66% Sinus H: 6% Other H: 13% |
Lessa et al., 2006 [165] | Case-control | N=138 ( F: 98.3%) Mean age: 36 years | Hospital | N= 92 (F: 83.7% Mean age: 46 years | Hospital Pts with diffuse connective tissue diseases other than SLE | ACR | ICHD 1988 | H: 75.7% M: 66.1% | H: 66% M: 52.2% | TTH: 13.9% | TTH: 16.3% |
Katsiari et al., 2011 [166] | Case controls | N = 72 (F: 96.5%) Mean age 38.3 years | Naval hospital | SLE N = 72 (F: 96.2%) Mean age 37.8 years MS N = 48 (F: 96.5%) Mean age 35.9 years | Hospital | ACR | ICHD 2004 | SLE M: 21% MS M: 23% | M: 22% | SLE pts Frequent TTH: 15% Chronic TTH: 15% MS pts Frequent TTH: 19% Chronic TTH: 8% | Frequent TTH: 16% Chronic TTH: 1% |