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Table 3 Association between headache and immunomediated/autoimmune diseases

From: Headache and immunological/autoimmune disorders: a comprehensive review of available epidemiological evidence with insights on potential underlying mechanisms

Autoimmune disorders

Association with headaches

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

↑

Vasculitis

↑

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

=

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS)

↑/=*

Systemic scleroderma (SS)

↑**

Rheumathoid arthritis and other forms of arthritis

↑

Antiphospholipid syndrome (AP)

↑

Type 1 diabete mellitus (DM)

↓

Hypothyroidism

↑

Immunomediated gastrointestinal disorders

↑

Allergic disorders

↑

  1. ↑ association; = no association; ↓ inverse association
  2. * Some positive results, other negative
  3. ** A few studies are available on the association with headache