Fig. 3

Pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 suppressed BCAS-induced formation of reactive astrogliosis in white matter tracts. a, c Representative images of immunostaining of GFAP and NHE1 protein in CC (a) and EC (c) of mice at 30 days post-surgery. Arrow: GFAP or NHE1 protein expression in GFAP⁺ cells. b, d Quantitative analysis of GFAP⁺ cell counts as well as GFAP intensity in CC (b) or EC (d). Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 5–6/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001