Fig. 5

TNF-α increases the activation probability of Na⁺ currents. a Activation curves of Na⁺ currents in RGCs before and after TNF-α application. b Bar chart summarizes the changes in the V_1/2 of Na⁺ currents before and after TNF-α application. n = 12; *P < 0.05 vs. Ctr. c Representative Na⁺ currents recorded in an RGC before and after TNF-α application. The cell was given a 200 ms pre-pulse from a holding potential of −70 mV to different membrane potentials and then depolarized to −10 mV. d Inactivation curves of Na⁺ currents before and after TNF-α application. n = 6. Both the activation and inactivation curves were fitted with the Boltzmann equation