Fig. 4

Galantamine and AIE differentially impact expression of Ki67 and PCNA. (A) Ki67 is a marker of cell proliferation as it is expressed during the active phases of the cell cycle. Results indicate that galantamine significantly increased Ki67+IR, suggesting that galantamine increases cell proliferation. (B) Photomicrographs of Ki67. Ki67 is expressed in the subgranular zone of the dentate with cells appearing as small clusters. (C) PCNA is highly expressed in cells undergoing both cell proliferation processes as well as cell repair. AIE decreased PCNA+IR relative to controls, and this effect was not reversed by galantamine. (D) Photomicrographs of PNCA+IR. PCNA is highly expressed in the subgranular zone of the dentate. Scale bars indicate 100 μM. Red arrows indicate either Ki67+IR cells (B) or PCNA+IR cells (D). All results are expressed as mean ± SEM. For each identified comparison, *p < 0.05