Fig. 5

Galantamine blocks AIE induction of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). CCL2 is a chemokine that can also function as a neuromodulator to impact neuronal excitability and impair neurogenesis. (A) The current study found that galantamine blocked AIE induction of CCL2 in the hilus, suggesting that increasing acetylcholine signaling combats ethanol-induced proinflammatory cascades. (B) Example photomicrographs taken at 20× magnification of each group: CON-Veh, CON-Gal, AIE-Veh, AIE-Gal. There are more CCL2+IR cells in AIE-treated rats. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Scale bars indicate 100 μM. Red arrows indicate CCL2+IR cells. For each identified comparison, *p < 0.05