Fig. 9From: Galantamine prevents and reverses neuroimmune induction and loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent alcohol exposureGalantamine reverses AIE induction of proinflammatory cascades. Two proinflammatory markers which have been shown to be upregulated by ethanol acutely are HMGB1 and COX-2. We tested whether galantamine could reverse chronic upregulation of these markers after AIE. (A) AIE increases HMGB1+IR, and this effect is reversed by galantamine. (B) Photomicrographs of HMB1 immunoreactivity. Clockwise, from the upper left corner: CON-Veh, AIE-Veh, AIE-Gal, CON-Gal. (C) AIE increases HMGB1+IR, and this effect is reversed by galantamine. (D) Photomicrographs of COX-2 immunoreactivity. Clockwise, from the upper left corner: CON-Veh, AIE-Veh, AIE-Gal, CON-Gal. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Red arrows indicate either HMGB1+IR cells (B) or COX-2+IR cells (D). Scale bars indicate 100 μM. For each identified comparison, *p < 0.05Back to article page