Fig. 5

Effects of ATO and DEX on the levels of cytokines and chemokines secreted from macrophages. a, b The expression profiles of cytokines and chemokines are shown by the cytokine array. One-way ANOVA, ^****P < 0.001, ^**P < 0.01, ^*P < 0.05. c Representative images of western blots showing IL-8, IL-1β, TGF-β1 and CD163 expression. d Quantification of IL-8, one-way ANOVA, P < 0.001; compared with the LPS group, Bonferroni test, ^***P = 0.001, ^*P = 0.038. LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.1A group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^*P = 0.021, LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.01D group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^*P = 0.02. e Quantification of IL-1β, one-way ANOVA, P = 0.002; compared with the LPS group, Bonferroni test, ^*P < 0.05. LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.1A group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^*P = 0.015. f Quantification of TGF-β1, one-way ANOVA, P = 0.001; compared with the LPS group, Bonferroni test, ^***P = 0.003, ^**P = 0.009, ^*P = 0.04. LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.1A group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^*P = 0.032. g Quantification of CD163, one-way ANOVA, P < 0.001; compared with the LPS group, Bonferroni test, ^****P < 0.001, ^*P = 0.025. LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.1A group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^**P = 0.009, LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.01D group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^*P = 0.047. h ELISA revealing the expression of IL-6, one-way ANOVA, P < 0.001; compared with the LPS group, the Bonferroni test, ^***P = 0.003, ^*P = 0.01. LPS+0.01D+0.1A group vs. LPS+0.1A group, unpaired Student’s t test, ^*P = 0.021. Note: A, atorvastatin; D, dexamethasone