Fig. 3

Neutrophils, but not monocytes, contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability following acute colitis via TNFα. a, b Latencies to seizure onset (left) and generalization (right) in clodronate-treated mice (a) and CCR2^RFP/RFP mice (b) following acute DSS-induced colitis. c Linear regressions between seizure threshold and neutrophil frequencies in the blood of clodronate-treated mice following acute DSS-induced colitis. d Latencies to seizure onset (left) and generalization (right) in α-Ly6G-treated mice with acute DSS-induced colitis. e MFI of TNFα expressed by monocytes and neutrophils in the blood, and monocytes, neutrophils, and microglia in the brains of control mice and those with acute DSS-induced colitis. f Latencies to seizure onset (left) and generalization (right) in α-TNFα-treated mice following acute DSS-induced colitis. n = 8 mice/group for flow cytometry analysis, representative of 3–5 replicate experiments. Seizure threshold data represent the combined analysis of 3–4 experiments containing 8–15 mice/condition/experiment. ns=not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001