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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating CCL2 from activated astrocytes induce microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury

Fig. 2

The effects of TNF-α-CM on microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis and the identification of sEVs. a, b Western blotting detection of CCL2 expression in astrocytes. c qRT-PCR to detect the expression of CCL2 in astrocytes. d Astrocyte culture medium stimulated by TNF-α (TNF-α-CM) promotes the release of NO from microglia, and the amount of NO released by microglia decreases after addition of an sEV inhibitor GW4869. e TUNEL staining to detect neuronal apoptosis. f–i TEM, NTA and western blotting to identify sEVs. j, k Western blotting to detect CCL2 expression in sEVs

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094