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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating CCL2 from activated astrocytes induce microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury

Fig. 4

The effects of sEVs after CCL2 siRNA treatment of astrocytes on microglial activation, migration and neuronal apoptosis. a–c CCL2 expression and release detected by ELISA and western blotting. d Western blotting detection of CCL2 expression in sEVs. e–g ELISA method to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. h Detection of changes in NO content. i–k qRT-PCR to detect the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. l, m Western blotting to detect the expression of pro-inflammatory related proteins TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. n, o Transwell assessment of the migration ability of BV2 microglia. p, q TUNEL staining to detect neuronal apoptosis. r, s Western blotting to detect the expression of neuron apoptosis-related proteins

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