Fig. 4From: Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating CCL2 from activated astrocytes induce microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injuryThe effects of sEVs after CCL2 siRNA treatment of astrocytes on microglial activation, migration and neuronal apoptosis. a–c CCL2 expression and release detected by ELISA and western blotting. d Western blotting detection of CCL2 expression in sEVs. e–g ELISA method to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. h Detection of changes in NO content. i–k qRT-PCR to detect the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. l, m Western blotting to detect the expression of pro-inflammatory related proteins TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. n, o Transwell assessment of the migration ability of BV2 microglia. p, q TUNEL staining to detect neuronal apoptosis. r, s Western blotting to detect the expression of neuron apoptosis-related proteinsBack to article page