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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating CCL2 from activated astrocytes induce microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury

Fig. 5

sEVs containing CCL2 from astrocytes aggravate microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis in vivo. a DiO-sEVs can enter the spinal cord tissue and be absorbed by cells. b, c Western blotting detection of spinal cord tissue CCL2 expression. d–i ELISA and qRT-PCR to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. j, k Western blotting detection of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein expression. l, m Immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of the microglial activation marker OX42. n TUNEL staining to detect apoptosis of spinal cord tissue. o, p Western blotting to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in spinal cord tissue. q, r BBB scores and inclined plane test at different times after SCI. s Representative footprints of rats walking 28 days after SCI

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094