Fig. 5

PBA administration reduces chronic inflammation after peripheral nerve injury. A Representative pictures of the harvested sciatic nerves after 6 weeks from three groups of rats. B Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining against TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in paraffin-embedded sections obtained from the middle region of the nerves in each treatment group and their and their respective quantification for the expression. n = 4 different rats for each group. Scale bar = 20 μm. Significance was assessed by Student’s t test. *p < 0.05 versus hydrogel control group. PBA sodium phenylbutyrate, TNFα tumor necrosis factor α, IL interleukin