Fig. 6

HMGB1 antagonism reduced p-NR1 levels after TBI. Representative protein bands showing HMGB1 expression in wild type (A), NLRP3 knockout mice (B), and the glycyrrhizin treatment group (C) 4 weeks and 8 weeks post-TBI. Western blot analysis (F) indicating that NLRP3 knockout significantly rescued the decline in p-NR1 (Ser896) levels. 2-way ANOVA. C, G The phosphorylation level of NR1 at Ser896 was regulated by an HMGB1 concentration gradient in mixed neuronal cell culture (D, H). Scale bar: 50 μm. NLRP3 knockout significantly reduced HMGB1 secretion (E, I). Data represent the means ± SD (n = 3 per group). 2-way ANOVA, ns (p > 0.05), **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the WT group or no-HMGB1 group. Each experiment was repeated three times