Fig. 1

Central carbon metabolome analysis showing elevated metabolites in glycolysis in MRL/lpr mice hippocampus. A PCA model score scatter plot and OPLS-DA model showing separation of glycolysis metabolites in the hippocampus of control mice (blue) and MLR/lpr group mice (red). B Hierarchical clustering analysis for the significantly differential metabolites of LC–MS between the control and MLR/lpr groups of mice. The relative metabolite level was depicted according to the color scale: red indicates upregulation, whereas blue indicates downregulation. C Metabolomic map of significant metabolic pathways characterized in the hippocampus of control and MLR/lpr groups. The significantly altered pathways based on enrichment and topology analysis are shown in this metabolomic map. The X-axis represents pathway impact; Y-axis represents pathway enrichment. Large size and dark colors represent the major pathway enrichment and high pathway impact values, respectively