Fig. 4

Glycogen mobilization regulates astrocytic A1/A2 paradigm via ROS-mediated NF-κB inhibition and STAT3 activation following OGD/R. a Verification of GP knockdown in cultured astrocytes (kd-GP) using immunoblotting (n = 6). b Glycogen levels in cultured astrocytes at different timepoints before and after OGD/R insult (n = 7). c, d Quantitative analysis of GS (c) and GP (d) activities at 12 h following reoxygenation (n = 8). e–g Quantitative analysis of glucose-6-phosphate (e), NADPH (f) and glutathione (GSH, g) at 12 h following reoxygenation (n = 8). h Astrocytic ROS levels at different timepoints before and after OGD/R challenge (n = 8). i, j Protein levels of astrocytic phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65, i) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3, j) at 24 h following reoxygenation (n = 6), as measured by immunoblotting. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. One-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc analysis for a, c, d, f, i. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett T3 post hoc analysis for e, g, j. Two-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc analysis for b, h