Fig. 2

VAP-1 inhibition reduces the inflammatory response in the SN. A–D Coronal brain sections of SN immunostained for GFAP and TH revealed an increased GFAP intensity in the LPS hemispheres (B and D) as compared to CTR hemispheres (A and C). E Quantification of GFAP intensity in the SN at 24 h from LPS insult. Values represent the mean ± SEM. LPS–Vehicle (n = 7), LPS–PXS-4681A (n = 5). F, G Immunostaining for MPO, RECA-1-positive blood vessels and Nissl in the SN 24 h after LPS insult. F’ Enlargement of F: MPO-positive cells mainly localized outside blood vessels. H Double immunostaining for MPO and Iba1 revealed a low percentage of colocalization, indicating that MPO-positive cells were mainly neutrophils. I, J Quantification of MPO-positive cells in the SN that received LPS I and in the ipsilateral striatum J at 24 h. Values represent the mean ± SEM. LPS–Vehicle (n = 7), LPS–PXS-4681A (n = 5). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01