Fig. 7

LM11A-31pretreatment downregulates proinflammatory cytokines/mediators expression at 24 h after PM induction. Levels of IL-1β a, e, i, TNF-α b, f, j, IL-6 c, g, k, and iNOS d, h, l, in brain tissues (cortex and hippocampus) and serum at 24 h post-infection were examined by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Quantification of mRNA level expression was normalized to β-actin. Proinflammatory cytokines/mediators concentration in serum were expressed as pg/mL. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5–6 rats). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001