Fig. 4

Ketamine-induced pyroptosis in HAPI cells is NLRP3/Caspase-1 inflammasome-dependent. A Cell activity analysis in HAPI cells. B LDH release Assay. C Western blotting analysis of NLRP3-3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1, and cleaved GSDMD (n = 3) D Flow cytometry analysis for activated Caspase-1/PI. E The cytokines levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in HAPI cells (n = 6). Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with group C; ^# P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, compared with group Ket. Con, control; Ket, ketamine