Fig. 3

Aβ-Th1 and Aβ-Th17 cells affect memory function in APP/PS1 mice. a Schematic presentation of the in vivo experimental procedure performed in 4- to 5-month-old female APP/PS1 and age-matched non-Tg mice. n = 6 mice per group were used. b Radial arm water maze (RAWM) test was performed with experimental mice 3 weeks after the first of two adoptive transfers with 1 × 10⁶ Aβ-Th1 or Aβ-Th17 cells intravenously. Errors of 9-day trials were divided into three blocks and averaged for the statistical analysis. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine significant differences between experimental groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. c Fasting blood glucose concentrations were measured prior to the glucoCEST MRI. d 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) CEST MRI was performed 5 weeks after the Aβ-Th1 and Aβ-Th17 cells adoptive transfer. Representative MRI images with hippocampal glucose signal are shown for different experimental mice which include baseline MRI scan followed by 2DG injection and thereafter MRI scans every 10 min up to 1 h. n = 4 mice per group were analyzed. Glucose intensity in the hippocampus was calculated as %ΔMTR at different time points compared to the baseline. Area under the curve (AUC) for each mouse was calculated and averaged for statistical significance using one-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc test. Same line colors and symbols are used to show different groups in b and d