Fig. 5

Physical stress in mice induces the activation of BTK in the hippocampus and amygdala. Mice were subjected to physical stress by restraint and underwater trauma. A Immunoblot analysis of the hippocampal homogenates using anti-phospho-BTK (pBTK, Tyr223), BTK, and tubulin antibodies. B Relative densitometry analysis of pBTK immunoblots showing physical stress significantly induced the activation of BTK, as revealed by increased pBTK levels in stressed mice as compared to controls. C Western blot analysis of pBTK, total BTK, and tubulin as a loading control. D The relative densitometry analysis of pBTK immunoblots of amygdala samples. The analysis from both hippocampal and amygdala samples showed stressed female mice exhibited significantly increased induction of pBTK relative to their male counterparts and control mice. Data are presented as mean with 95% CI (n = 6/group); ***p < 0.001, ns (not significant); two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test