From: Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease
Junction complex protein | Function | Human IBD | Mouse models of colitis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD | UC | TNBS | DSS | ||
Claudin-1 | Decreases paracellular permeability [39] | ↑ [45] | ↑ [43] | ↓ [46] [47] | ↑ [48] |
Claudin-2 | Increases paracellular permeability. Important pore forming protein [39] | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ [49] | ↑ [50] |
Claudin -3 | Decreases paracellular permeability [40] | ↓ [42] | ↓ [42] | ↓ [47] | ↓ [48] |
Claudin-4 | Decreases paracellular permeability [39] | ↓ [42] | ↓ [42] | – | ↓ [51] |
Claudin-5 | Decreases paracellular permeability [39] | ↓ [44] | – | No change [47] | ↓ [48] |
Claudin-7 | Acts as an anion barrier and pore [40] | No change [44] | ↓ | – | ↓ [48] |
Claudin-8 | Decreases permeability [39] | ↓ [44] | – | ↓ [47] | ↓ [48] |
Occludin | Regulates paracellular permeability and cellular adhesion [39] | ↓ [52] | ↓ [52] | ↓ [47] | ↓ [53] |
ZO-1 | Facilitates connection between TJ and intracellular actin cytoskeleton [39] | ↓ [54] | ↓ [55] | ↓ [47] | ↓ [46] |
MLCK | Phosphorylates MLC causing contraction of peri junctional actomyosin [56] | ↑ [57] | ↑ [57] | ↑ [58] | ↑ [59] |
Phosphorated (active) MLC | MLC facilitates internalisation of TJ [56] | ↑ [57] | ↑ [57] | ↑ [60] | ↑ (59) |