Fig. 6

R848 induces pro-inflammatory gene expression in the lung, which is unaffected by treatment with nafamostat. Male, CD-1 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of R848 (200 μg, dissolved in DMSO and sterile saline) or control solution (DMSO diluted in sterile saline), together with an intravenous injection of nafamostat (3 mg/kg) or vehicle (sterile saline). Fresh lung was collected 6-h post-challenge and relative expression of TNF (A), IFN-γ (B), CXCL1 (C) and CXCL10 (D) was determined by qPCR. Naïve animals were included to establish baseline (dotted line). Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 4–10/group, and analysed by two-way ANOVA, ****p < 0.0001 main effect, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 control vs. R848 with Sidak’s post hoc test