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Fig. 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 7

From: Interplay between Müller cells and microglia aggravates retinal inflammatory response in experimental glaucoma

Fig. 7

Activated microglia-induced functional changes in cultured Müller cells. a Representative Western blotting results showing the changes in GFAP protein expression in Müller cells which were co-cultured with pre-activated microglia by BzATP treatment for different times (0, 6, and 12 h). b A comparison of average relative densitometric quantifications of the immunoreactive bands of GFAP obtained following different kinds of treatment is shown in the bar charts. cf Bar charts summarizing the changes in mRNA levels of growth factors (c), chemokines (d), inflammatory factors (e), and adherence factors (f) in Müller cells which were co-cultured in the Transwell system with normal or pre-activated microglia. g Bar charts summarizing the changes in mRNA levels of GDNF, CCL2, IL-6, iNOS, and VACM in Müller cells without or with the TNFR1 antagonist R7050. Müller cells were co-cultured in the Transwell system with normal, pre-activated microglia, and activated microglia + R7050. All the data are normalized to corresponding empty Transwell groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 vs. empty Transwell group using ordinary one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (cf). #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs. activated microglia group using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (g). All in vitro experiments above: n = 3 biological replicates × 3 technical replicates. GDNF glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, NGF nerve growth factor, LIF leukemia inhibitory factor, CCL2 chemokine C–C-motif ligand 2, CX3CL1 chemokine C-X3-C-motif Ligand 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, TGF-β transforming growth factor-β, IL-6 interleukin-6, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, ICAM intercellular cell adhesion molecule, VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule

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