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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Microbial pathogens induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease mice: protection by microglial regulation

Fig. 5

Modulation of brain microglia prevents PAMP-induced neurodegeneration. A single 25 µg LPS dose was injected ICV into 7-month-old wt mice, in which Am580 (or vehicle) was delivered continuously via mini-osmotic pumps and mice were sacrificed after 2 days for quantifying cortical neuronal density (A). ICV injection of LPS caused a significant loss in cortical neurons in wt mice, which was partly prevented by Am580 (BD, n = 4). ICV injection of a similar dose of LPS into 5xFAD mice caused profound neuronal loss, which was not affected by Am580 (EG, n = 5). Injection of 10 µg LPS caused moderate loss of cortical neurons, which was partly prevented by Am580 treatment (H-J, wt, n = 4, 5xFAD, n = 5). To confirm that the neuroprotective effect of the RARα agonist was not restricted to TLR4-mediated neurotoxicity of LPS, we injected 25 µg Zymosan ICV to wt mice in which Am580 (or vehicle) was delivered continuously via mini-osmotic pumps. Am580 provided efficient protection against Zymosan-induced cortical neuronal loss (KM, wt, n = 7 5xFAD, n = 5), supporting the notion that microglial modulation may protect from PAMP-induced neurodegeneration. Error bars-SEM. P values by students unpaired T test: *P < 0.05

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