Microbial pathogens induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease mice: protection by microglial regulation

Table 1 Specific pathogen free environment

Bacteria, Mycoplasma and Fungi	Gram stain	Additional information
Pasteurella pneumotropica	Gram negative	Oropharynx, opportunistic, LPS +
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Gram negative	Opportunistic, LPS +
Klebsiella pneumonia	Gram negative	Opportunistic, LPS +
Klebsiella oxytoca	Gram negative	Opportunistic, LPS +
Pasteurellacaea	Gram negative	LPS +
Citrobacter rodentium	Gram negative	Colon, LPS +
Salmonella spp.	Gram negative	LPS +
Streptobacillus moniliformis	Gram negative	Nasopharynx, LPS +
CAR bacillus	Gram negative	Respiratory tract
Hellicobacter spp.	Gram negative	Upper GI, LPS +
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Gram positive	Respiratory tract, opportunistic, LTA +
Streptococcus B-haemolytic	Gram positive	Skin, LTA +
Staphylococcus aureus	Gram positive	Skin, opportunistic, LTA +
Corynebacterium bovis	Gram positive
Corynebacterium kutscheri	Gram positive
Clostridium piriforme (Tyzzer’s disease)	Gram positive
Mycoplasma pulmonis	No bacterial wall	Respiratory tract
Pneumocystis murina		Fungus
Viruses and parasites

The SPF facility excludes various infections, from pathogens varying from viruses, to bacteria and parasites, by routinely examining the animals. The SPF environment exclude bacterial pathogens that may colonize and infect (some of them opportunistic infections) the oral and nasopharyngeal mucosa, the respiratory tract the upper and lower GI tract. 10 out of 17 strains are gram negative bacteria which produce LPS
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Mouse rotavirus (EDIM), Mouse Parvo virus, Minute virus of mice (MVM), Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (GD-7), Mouse Norovirus (MNV), Pneumonia virus of mice, Sendai virus (SEND), Ectromelia virus (ECTR), Reovirus type 3 (REO-3), Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Mouse Adenovirus type 1 (MAD-1), Mouse Adenovirus type 2 (MAD-2), Mouse cytomegalovirus, Mouse Polyoma virus, Ectoparasites, Intestinal helminths, Enteric protozoa

ISSN: 1742-2094