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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Astrocytic C–X–C motif chemokine ligand-1 mediates β-amyloid-induced synaptotoxicity

Fig. 2

iNPC-astrocytes stimulated with human Aβ release synaptotoxic secretions. Human iNPC-astrocytes were exposed to WTCM and TGCM at 7 day post-differentiation for 24 h. WTCM h-astro and TGCM h-astro was collected and in some cases Aβ was immunodepleted from astrocyte medium (TGCM h-astro-ID). A Number of neuritic protrusions (indicated by arrow heads) per μm in LUHMES transfected pre-differentiation GFP were imaged as proxy for dendritic spines in 20 cells per technical triplicate in each of three independent experiments (n = 3). Scale bar is 5 μm. B Quantification of protrusion number per μm shows reductions in the presence of TGCM h-astro relative to WTCM h-astro that is maintained when Aβ is removed from astrocyte conditioned medium by immunodepletion (TGCM h-astro-ID). Measures of neuron health across three wells for each of three independent experiments (n = 3) showed C shorter total neurite length and D fewer number of nodes in cells with axons following treatment with TGCM h-astro and TGCM h-astro-ID, indicating that human astrocytes secrete factors that are damaging to neurons. Data was analysed by ordinary one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc test. Data on graphs is mean ± SEM and is shown relative to control (WTCM h-astro). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001

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