Fig. 3

Pre-incubation of microglia with GM1 decreases pro-inflammatory activation triggered by IL-1β and by phagocytosis of polystyrene beads. A Mouse primary microglia were pre-incubated with GM1 (50 µM) for 1 h and then stimulated with IL-1β (5 ng/ml) for 24 h. GM1 blocked upregulation of IL-1β mRNA expression. B Phagocytosis of latex beads by BV-2 cells pre-treated with GM1 for 2 h. Representative histograms of beads uptake are shown on the left. GM1 pre-treatment did not affect uptake. Graphs show mRNA expression for IL-1β and TNF upon bead phagocytosis. Data are mean values ± STDEV of 3 independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used in A. One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test was used in B. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001