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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: MORPHIOUS: an unsupervised machine learning workflow to detect the activation of microglia and astrocytes

Fig. 3

MORPHIOUS identified regions of microglial and astrocytic activation following FUS treatment. A representative staining of IBA1+ microglia in contralateral (A) and FUS-treated hippocampal sections (B) at 20X magnification. MORPHIOUS classified two regions of activation, proximal microglia (B, orange line) and focal microglia (B, red line). At high magnification (63X), contralateral microglia (C) as well as non-activated distal microglia (D), show a highly ramified morphology. Proximal microglia show some deramification (E). Focal microglia show substantial deramification and enlarged somas (F). A representative staining of GFAP+ astrocytes in contralateral (G) and FUS-treated hippocampal sections (H) is shown at 20X magnification. MORPHIOUS identified a single class of activated astrocytes, termed proximal astrocytes (H, orange line). At high magnification (63X), compared to contralateral (I) and distal (J) astrocytes, proximal astrocytes (K) show increased branching, and hypertrophy. Scale bar: 100 µm (A, B, G, H), 25 µm (C–F, I–K). GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; IBA1, Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1

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