Fig. 1

The detection of HHVs in RE and TLE brain samples and its correlation with MRI severity. A Sections from 30 RE, 20 TLE and 16 TBI brain samples was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antibodies against various HHVs and B were scored according to criteria described in the Material and Methods and analyzed using a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test (*: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01, ns: nonsignificance). Bar: 100 μm. C A representative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of an RE patient. The MRI scan shows a grey or white matter T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal and a hyperintense signal or atrophy of the cortex (arrowhead) and ipsilateral caudate head (arrow). The severity of RE was determined by grading brain atrophy detected by MRI and was expressed as an MRI score. The scoring scheme for the MRI was as following: 0 means no atrophy and no ventricle or sulcus enlargement, 1 means weak atrophy with the sulci deepening without ventricle enlargement, 2 means moderate atrophy and sulci deepening with moderate ventricular dilatation of less than half of the contralateral ventricular dilatation, and 3 means severe atrophy and sulci deepening with severe ventricular dilatation of more than half of the contralateral ventricular dilatation. D The correlation between cumulative viral scores and MRI scores was analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient