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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: Nos2−/− mice infected with M. tuberculosis develop neurobehavioral changes and immunopathology mimicking human central nervous system tuberculosis

Fig. 3

I.c.vent. infection of Nos2−/− mice with H37Rv resulted in earlier mortality, higher neurobehavioral score, and increased mycobacterial load in the brain compared to CDC1551. a M.tb-infected mice lost significantly more weight than saline control, analysed using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Percentage change in body weight relative to initial body weight at day 0 p.i. is shown. Bars represent mean ± SEM. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Statistical analysis between H37Rv-infected mice and saline controls in red asterisks, while comparisons between CDC1551-infected mice and saline controls in blue asterisks. b Kaplan–Meier curve shows a significant difference in survival between the groups. c H37Rv i.c.vent. demonstrate higher neurobehavioral score at 8 week p.i. compared to CDC1551 i.c.vent. mice, analyzed using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. **, p < 0.01; ****, p < 0.0001. d Gross pathological examination of brain, lung and spleen show no difference between saline control and M.tb-infected mice except for enlarged spleen in H37Rv i.c.vent-infected mice. Scale bar = 1 cm. e H37Rv-infected mice show a trend towards increased M.tb load in the brain, while lung and blood CFU were comparable to CDC1551-infected mice. Bars represent median and IQR. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann–Whitney test. f Low-power view of a representative H&E-stained granuloma in the brain of H37Rv i.c.vent. mice. High-power view (inset) demonstrates numerous intra- and extracellular acid-fast bacilli (black arrows) by Ziehl–Neelson (ZN) stain within the brain granuloma. Scale bars represent 1 mm in H&E stain and 20 µm in ZN stain. Saline: n = 6; H37Rv: n = 6; CDC1551: n = 5

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