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Table 1 Cytokines in children with TBI versus controls

From: Mild-to-severe traumatic brain injury in children: altered cytokines reflect severity

Cytokine

Controls

Mild TBI

sTBI

p value*

p value **

IL-2

0.06 (0.75–2.80)

0.06 (0.86–1.34)

0.87 (0.87–0.87)

0.98

0.47

IL-4

0.80 (1.74–2.34)

0.69 (1.68–2.06)

1.72 (1.72–1.72)

0.34

0.66

IL-6

2.74 (2.19–3.28)

6.58 (4.71–8.45)

57.51 (19.32–95.70)

0.005

 < 0.0001

IL-8

70.69 (61.19–80.18)

26.9 (21.02–32.97)

102.2 (3.70–200.8)

 < 0.0001

0.38

IL-10

4.65 (3.72–5.58)

3.32 (1.59–5.05)

3.75 (1.09–6.41)

 < 0.0001

0.72

IL-17A

14.98 (8.02–21.93)

1.48 (1.14–1.82)

1.39 (0.78–1.99)

 < 0.0001

0.42

TNF-α

15.73 (13.51–17.95)

6.65 (5.14–8.15)

15.29 (2.33–28.24)

 < 0.0001

0.82

IFN-γ

107.9 (75.63–140.1)

203.2 (-49.95–456.4)

17.55 (17.55–17.55)

 < 0.0001

0.01

  1. The mean, with upper and lower 95% Confidence Interval of the mean and p-values of cytokine levels (pg/ml) in plasma of children with mild Traumatic brain injury (n = 110) and severe traumatic brain injury (n = 6) versus controls (n = 98). Cytokine values in bold denote p < 0.05. *p value: comparing controls to mTBI; ** p value: comparing sTBI to mTBI