Fig. 4

Treatment with 24A reduced GCI/R-induced microglial and astrocyte activation. A, B Immunohistochemical staining for Iba1 in the hippocampus and cortex (10 ×, 40 × magnification). C, D Quantitative analysis of microglia in the hippocampus (n = 3, one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001) and cortex (n = 3, one-way ANOVA, p = 0.011). E, F Immunohistochemical staining for GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex (10 ×, 40 × magnification). G, H Quantitative analysis of astrocytes in the hippocampus (n = 3, one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001) and cortex (n = 3, one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001). (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns indicates no significant differences)